Grouping of traditionally discrete but related subjects with the explicit aim of integrating students’ learning. For example, the learning area ‘social sciences/studies’ can include elements of geography, history, citizenship, economy/ commerce, philosophy, and sociology. (Adapted from: UNESCO IBE 2011). Many education systems organize the curriculum of general education around broad learning areas or fields of learning. For example: language and communication (including a first and a second language); mathematical thinking; exploration and understanding of the natural and social world (including natural sciences, geography, history, biology, physics, and chemistry); and personal and social development (including artistic education, citizenship, ethics and physical education). (Mexico, Study plan of basic education, 2011).
